Health Risk Assessment of Groundwater Iron and Manganese in Chandrapur District, Central India

Abstract

Groundwater sampling was carried out from 36 sampling locations by grab sampling method in winter, summer, and post-monsoon to ascertain health risk assessment of groundwater iron and manganese. These heavy metals were analyzed by ICP-OES. Results revealed maximum average groundwater iron concentration was at Ballarpur (HP, 18.213 mg/L) and minimum at Gunjewahi (DW, 0.081 mg/L) whereas; maximum average manganese concentration from Naleshwar (HP, 0.779 mg/L) and minimum average from Antargaon (HP), Gowari (HP), Morwa (HP) and Mowada (HP, 0.003 mg/L). Iron distribution on WHO, JECFA and IOM recommendations revealed seasonal influence on it. Distribution of iron and manganese with Indian Standard Drinking Water-Specification (2012), summer have maximum samples (n=23, 63.88%) iron concentration above the permissible limit (0.3 mg/L), on the other hand, manganese in winter (n=7, 19.44%) (Permissible limit 0.3 mg/L). At a number of samples, groundwater manganese concentration was above the WHO (2011) discontinued manganese standard of 0.4 mg/L. Chronic daily intake, hazard quotient and hazard index were very low for these heavy metals which indicate inhabitants of the study area were no immediate or remote health threat from ingestion of this groundwater.

Keywords: Central India, Chandrapur, Chronic daily intake, Hazard quotient, Health risk assessment, Heavy metal, Iron, Manganese