Endocrine disruptor pesticides on non target pollinator

Abstract

Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are substances that disturb the endocrine system's normal function, potentially causing sickness or deformities in organisms and their progeny. Pesticides are commonly employed to destroy undesired organisms in crops, public places, houses, and gardens, as well as to treat parasites medicinally. Many have been identified as EDs or are suspected of being EDs. Pesticides applied to agricultural or horticultural landscapes were the predominant, if not exclusive, source of pesticide exposure for honey bees and the source of hive product contamination until the early 1980s. Pollinators, such as honey bees, are responsible for the successful reproduction of over 87 percent of flowering plant species, making them critical to ecosystem health and agricultural productivity.